Identification of novel somatic fusions of ERG‐VEGFA, TMPRSS2‐ERG, and VEGFA‐TMPRSS2 in prostate cancer treated with anlotinib and androgen deprivation therapy: A case report

The TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion gene has frequently been found in prostate cancer and is associated with malignancy. Identifying novel fusions will help to stratify patients and establish patient‐tailored therapies. A 78‐year‐old man presented to our hospital with severe symptoms of urinary urgency and frequency for 2 years, as well as severe bone pain for 1 year. He was diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 5 + 5. Three gene fusions, ERG_VEGFA, TMPRSS2_ERG, and VEGFA_TMPRSS2, were identified in the patient's prostate cancer tissue. Notably, administration of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, anlotinib, in combination with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and abiraterone, reduced the patient's bone pain and also stabilized his prostate cancer for more than 2 years. This is the first report of somatic fusions among the VEGFA, ERG, and TMPRSS2 genes in cancer tissues from a patient with prostate cancer who responded well to antiangiogenic treatment combined with a GnRHa and abiraterone.