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Review | Open Access

Single/dual-metal active-site oxides for rechargeable zinc-air batteries: Fundamental properties, advancements, challenges, and future perspectives

Yunrui Li, Ping Zhu, Fan Lan, Run Li, Ya Huang, Rufan Zhang ( )
Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Abstract

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (RZABs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for advanced energy storage and conversion in the near future. The RZABs’ efficiency is closely tied to the performances of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring at the air cathode. Metal-oxide catalysts occupy a crucial role in reducing the reaction energy barriers and improving the ORR and OER performance. Two types of metal-oxide electrocatalysts used in RZABs are single-metal active-site (SMAS) and dual-metal active-site (DMAS) oxides, both of which significantly impact the efficiency and durability of ORR and OER. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the advancements in SMAS and DMAS, especially single-phase DMAS oxides, offering significant insights into the design of high-performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts and RZABs.

Graphical Abstract

This review discussed the various types of single-metal active-site and dual-metal active-site oxides for oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) and provided a comprehensive discussion on the evolution of advanced single-phase dual-site oxide catalysts, highlighting their unique properties and contributions to advancing rechargeable zinc-air batteries (RZABs).

Keywords

metal oxidesORROERrechargeable zinc-air batteries

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Carbon Future
Volume 2 Issue 3,
September 2025
Article number: 9200042
DOI: 10.26599/CF.2025.9200042

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Cite this article:
Li Y, Zhu P, Lan F, et al. Single/dual-metal active-site oxides for rechargeable zinc-air batteries: Fundamental properties, advancements, challenges, and future perspectives. Carbon Future, 2025, 2(3): 9200042. https://doi.org/10.26599/CF.2025.9200042

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Received: 19 January 2025
Revised: 12 March 2025
Accepted: 02 April 2025
Published: 11 June 2025
© The author(s) 2025. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

Open AccessThis article is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.