In accordance with the "Ethical Guidelines for the Publication of Scientific and Technical Journals" compiled by the China Association for Science and Technology, CY/T 174—2019 "Academic Publishing Standards: Definition of Academic Misconduct in Journals" and other relevant publishing ethical norms, adhering to the principles of scientific research integrity and standardized publication, and combining with the actual work situation, this journal's publishing ethics statement is formulated. This journal will strictly abide by and implement relevant national policies and regulations on editing and publishing, standardize the behaviors of editors, editorial board members, peer reviewers, and authors during the editing and publishing process, and accept the supervision of the academic community and the whole society.

I. Editorial Ethical Norms

• Handle each manuscript fairly, impartially, and in a timely manner.
• Make decisions on accepting or rejecting a manuscript only based on the scientific nature, innovativeness, readability, and other content of the paper itself, as well as its matching degree with the scope of contributions accepted by this journal.
• Have no prejudice against the author's work unit, gender, professional title, academic honors, etc.
• Abide by the principle of confidentiality. On the one hand, keep the author's research content confidential, and on the other hand, keep the information of peer reviewers and their review comments confidential.
• Use the "Academic Misconduct Literature Detection System for Scientific and Technical Journals" of CNKI to conduct academic misconduct detection on manuscripts at multiple stages such as submission, acceptance, layout arrangement, and formal publication.
• Adopt a double-blind peer review mechanism. When selecting reviewers, make reasonable selections according to the subject direction of the paper to ensure consistency in the research direction.
• Do not interfere with the peer review process of reviewers driven by interests, and ensure that peer reviewers can give independent review suggestions.
• Carefully review whether the basic information of the reviewers recommended by the author is accurate, whether the academic background is consistent with the research background of the paper, and whether there is a conflict of interest between the reviewers and the author, and make a cautious decision on whether to send the manuscript to the recommended reviewers for review.
• Avoid selecting reviewers who have a conflict of interest with the author to review their manuscripts.
• Consciously avoid the work of sending manuscripts for review that have a conflict of interest with oneself.
• Objectively state the situation of manuscript review, and do not conduct personal evaluations or attacks on reviewers or authors.
• Dynamically update and maintain the relevant information of the expert database, and establish an evaluation and withdrawal mechanism for reviewers.

II. Ethical Norms for Editorial Board Members

• Determine whether the content of the assigned manuscript is relevant to one's own professional field and research direction, and whether there is sufficient time to conduct the review work of the manuscript.
• Take the initiative to avoid potential conflicts of interest with the manuscript being processed and the author.
• Conduct the review work based on the principle of maintaining academic integrity, using professional knowledge and judgment.
• Abide by the principle of confidentiality, and avoid disclosing the content of the manuscript and related information to any irrelevant personnel during the manuscript review process and after the manuscript is processed; avoid using any information obtained during the manuscript review to seek benefits for oneself, others, or organizations, or to engage in behaviors that are detrimental to other people or organizations.

III. Ethical Norms for Peer Reviewers

• When receiving a review invitation, examine whether one's own professional knowledge and research direction match the manuscript to be reviewed.
• Examine one's own time allocation to see if the review comments can be submitted within the specified time.
• Based on the principles of maintaining academic integrity and respecting academic freedom, use professional knowledge and excellent judgment to make honest, objective, and fair evaluations of the advantages and disadvantages of the manuscript and its content, and give reasonable and constructive review comments in a timely manner.
• Examine the possible relationships of interest and whether there is a potential conflict of interest with the manuscript being reviewed.
• Abide by the confidentiality principle of peer review, and avoid disclosing the content of the manuscript and related information to any irrelevant personnel during the review process and after the review is completed.
• Provide the editorial department with accurate and true personal and professional information, and avoid providing false information.
• Without the permission of the editorial department, do not transfer the paper to others for review.
• During the review process, check whether there are academic misconducts such as plagiarism, tampering, forgery, and duplicate publication in the manuscript.
• Only suggest adding important references relevant to the research content of the paper, and should not suggest that the author cite one's own or colleagues' articles only for the purpose of increasing the citation frequency or exposure.
• After submitting the review comments, if relevant information is obtained that is sufficient to affect the initial feedback or suggestions, contact the editorial department in a timely manner.

IV. Ethical Norms for Authors

• Clearly indicate the corresponding author. Before submission, the corresponding author shall ensure that each author has made substantial academic contributions to the paper and agrees to the order of authorship, and all authors have reviewed the content of the paper and agree to submit it to this journal.
• Submit original papers, and there should be no situations such as plagiarism, forgery, and tampering.
• The submitted manuscript has not been published, and there are no problems such as multiple submissions of the same manuscript, duplicate publication, and split publication.
• When submitting a manuscript, authors can recommend reviewers or request to avoid specific reviewers.
• When submitting a manuscript, all possible economic or non-economic conflicts of interest that may bias the research results and the writing of the paper should be disclosed.
• If the research topic involved in the paper is supported by a project, the name of the fund project and its number should be indicated.
• Submit a confidentiality review certificate when submitting the manuscript, and submit a copyright agreement signed and confirmed by all authors before publication.
• All materials and viewpoints derived from the works of others must be accompanied by references.
• Be responsible for the authenticity and copyright of the paper, and be obliged to cooperate with the editorial department or reviewers to provide supporting materials such as original pictures and original data.
• Respect the opinions of reviewers. If there are any objections, an appeal can be made to the editorial department.
• When it is found that there are major errors or inaccuracies in the published paper, notify the journal editor immediately to retract or correct the paper.

V. Handling of Behaviors in Violation of Publishing Ethics

This journal has zero tolerance for editors, editorial board members, and peer reviewers who violate publishing ethics, as well as authors who engage in academic misconduct. Once academic misconduct is verified, the editorial department will take the following handling measures:

• For papers finally determined to have academic misconduct, this journal will promptly notify the author; before making a handling decision, the author is allowed to make explanations and defenses regarding this issue.

• For the verified manuscripts that have not been published, the editorial department will directly reject the manuscripts and cancel their acceptance qualifications, and give the authors criticism and education; for the published papers, the editorial department will retract the papers, publish a retraction statement, and notify the author's unit and other journals in the field of this incident. If the journal suffers reputational or other losses, this journal will reserve the right to claim compensation.
• For authors of papers with all forms of academic misconduct such as plagiarism and multiple submissions of the same manuscript, they will be included in the "blacklist" of this journal, and their qualifications to submit manuscripts to this journal within 5 years will be cancelled.
• Editors, editorial board members, and peer reviewers who violate publishing ethics will be dismissed.